5. Amino acid: Basic unit of protein An amino acid Different side chains, R , determin the properties of 20 amino acids. Amino group Carboxylic acid group COO - NH 3 + C R H
7. Proteins are linear polymers of amino acids R 1 NH 3 + C CO H R 2 NH C CO H R 3 NH C CO H R 2 NH 3 + C COO ー H + R 1 NH 3 + C COO ー H + H 2 O H 2 O Peptide bond Peptide bond The amino acid sequence is called as primary structure A A F N G G S T S D K A carboxylic acid condenses with an amino group with the release of a water
8. Amino acid sequence is encoded by DNA base sequence in a gene DNA molecule = DNA base sequence ・ C G C G A A T T C G C G ・ ・ G C G C T T A A G C G C ・
9. Amino acid sequence is encoded by DNA base sequence in a gene Second letter T C A G First letter T TTT Phe TCT Ser TAT Tyr TGT Cys T Third letter TTC TCC TAC TGC C TTA Leu TCA TAA Stop TGA Stop A TTG TCG TAG TGG Trp G C CTT Leu CCT Pro CAT His CGT Arg T CTC CCC CAC CGC C CTA CCA CAA Gln CGA A CTG CCG CAG CGG G A ATT Ile ACT Thr AAT Asn AGT Ser T ATC ACC AAC AGC C ATA ACA AAA Lys AGA Arg A ATG Met ACG AAG AGG G G GTT Val GCT Ala GAT Asp GGT Gly T GTC GCC GAC GGC C GTA GCA GAA Glu GGA A GTG GCG GAG GGG G
10. Basic structural units of proteins: Secondary structure α -helix β -sheet Secondary structures , α -helix and β -sheet, have regular hydrogen-bonding patterns.